Unfortunately, no, you cannot recover the SR other than by playing more games and earning it again. More info here: Overwatch Technical Issues, SR Loss, and Leaver Penalties
To avoid it, you would need to diagnose what happened with your PC to cause the crash. If it was a one time thing, I’d say don’t worry about it. But if it continues, then you’ll need to run some diagnostic tests and post results here to help decipher them.