I think what you understood is incorrect, or at least not exactly correct
The priority order in hearthstone is quite simple (on paper).
- Events always unfold in the order they arrived
- Events unfold one after the other
- Events wait for the end of the previous event before unfolding
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- Exception given to effect that can explicitely trigger during another event
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- Another exception given to specific wordings that allow a pause in the current event for other events to trigger
There’s only a single priority order that doesn’t follow the event order (that I can think of) and that’s that reborn always trigger after deathrattles
The remaining are very specific exceptions
In your case, it’s not that deathrattles have a lower priority, it’s that the minions killed by your spell have to wait for the end of your spell to actually die, because they can’t die during your spell
Cards that would have behaved differently :

In the case of defile, each subsequent cast of defile is considered a separate event, to allow the death of minions in-between each cast, allowing them to trigger their deathrattles

In the case of aftershock, the three times also pause the event in-between each instance of damage
double casting a spell though, does not allow for that pause
But here’s also a different behavior based on the minion :

The whenever mechanic allows the effect of the minion to triger instantly, interrupting the current event
Corrupted Awakening would have dealt 5 damage to the ennemy hero (because it’s the first ennemy that entered the board), then 5 damage to the first Rover, they would have gained 2 armor, then 5 damage to the second rover, they would have gained 2 additional armor
Fun fact : the rovers would have still not died at the end of the first cast, the second cast would have dealt them 5 more damage and trigger their 2 armor even though they already had negative health
Last example : the whenever mechanic is different from the After mechanic.

In this case, the devourer of souls would have waited for after the cast of your spells to gain the deathrattles of the frost sculptures
And if it had died from the spell, then it wouldn’t have gained them at all, since it wouldn’t be alive for it