A recap of features for the last 10 years

Hey there everyone. I am returning to retail after leaving many moons ago. I have played classic for a while but I’ve forgotten what major changes have been made between Cataclysm and The War Within. Any help in clarifying would be appreciated.
Do professions no longer offer combat utility?
How are raids formatted in Normal/Heroic/Mythic, player count wise and lockout wise?
I know raid buffs have continued to be condensed over the years, are there any classes with unique bonuses to bring to a raid, like a warlock’s cookies and portal, to give a leg up on getting a pug spot?
Those are the basic questions I’ve got for now, and I am sure I am missing a ton. If you can think of anything else I should know as a returning player I would appreciate your insight.

Thanks so much