The fact you even say all that about his counters is proof enough you don’t know what you’re talking about. Here’s a few facts for you:
If a short ranged hero gets in their range, they tend to have the advantage.
The smaller a target is, the harder it is for him to hit them.
The further they are, the harder it is for him to hit.
Same goes for speed and mobility.
Turrets can distract him and force him behind cover.
Sonic arrow is useless against characters like Sombra when they’re either placed wrong, she has other routes to take, or when it’s on CD.
People switch to him to break barriers? First I’ve ever heard that nonsense. 120+65(5)=445, less than half of what probably every barrier except Brig has. If people want to break barriers, it would make infinitely more sense to switch to Bastion or other characters that can disable/ ignore them like Sombra, Moira, or Symmetra. Not only that, but even with his barrier busting potential, using that potential lowers his ability to defend himself, trying to do it leaves makes him more vulnerable, and is usually a waste of time.
Ana? Projectile I’m pretty sure flies faster, has the same size, and like him, has no fall off. If Ana loses at long range, she’s doing something wrong, especially if she hits the sleep dart.
The only way he’s killing any of the characters listed is if the player is good or lucky enough to land head shots with a very small projectile that he has to charge up, sacrificing mobility for, or by landing 2-3 body shots or more depending on who he’s fighting, and each shot that doesn’t kill is another second the enemy has to win in a game where most characters can kill in under 2 seconds if that. All on a character that most players only hit around 30% of their shots with btw.
Theoretically, he’s a strong character against just about everyone. Realistically? No for one reason
or another. If we wanted to balance around theoretical effectiveness, we’d have to nerf quite a few characters. Ashe for example has the fastest ttk of all non-ohks in the game if she fires from the hip and immediately ADS for another shot as it’s much faster than just continuing to hip fire, 2 shots in like half a second or less can kill 200 hp.
Sombra just needs virus and like 8 crits to kill 200 hp.
Zenyatta needs his burst nerfed into oblivion since it could and probably still can kill full health tanks with Discord.
I could go on.