Your theory is sensible, but it is not consistent with the system as implemented, in a few key ways.
This is probably approximately correct, though Blizzard has never given this level of detail.
There used to be win streaks bonuses/loss streak penalties, but they were removed because they tended to throw people far from their proper rank, through random chance alone (Overwatch Forums).
Indirect evidence suggests that MMR moves slower than SR.
- Since SR chases MMR, that implies that MMR moves slower (otherwise SR would have a very hard time catching MMR).
- During placements, the average movement per game is +/- 19 SR. I suspect that this is actually the average motion of MMR. See How Competitive Skill Rating Works (Season 11) → Season Transitions, last paragraph.
- If SR is well above MMR because a player has won many more games than he’s lost, less SR than MMR will be gained on a win, and more SR than MMR will be lost on a loss. This is an SR debuff. At high win percentage, a player can gain up to 6 SR less on a win than he loses on a loss.(Overwatch Forums).