You’re right, Curse of the Worgen does an excellent job of documenting Halford Ramsey’s progress, and it shows that he suffers for three days before a state of delirium and panic overtakes him, then triggered by the memory of his sister’s suicide.
The next best lore example of someone bitten would be Mardigan in Dark Riders. He is bitten during battle, and appears as a worgen not but a couple pages later, while his father and Revil are cleaning up the fight’s remains. So that could not have been more than a few hours tops.
The big variables here are willpower and environment. Notice Halford is a renowned detective, while Mardigan is a farm boy with rage problems as a human. Halford was bitten then kept indoors for storytime by candle light, whereas Mardigan was bitten and thrown into a chaotic skirmish afterwards.
Theoretically, how, when, and who you bite determines how long it should take. We know it can be within hours, or within three days. In roleplay, I like to say “Anywhere between three hours to three days”, but this is an estimate and for dramatic effect.