The only short term solution is to reload game data. it completely defragments casc file structure. and I need to note again that casc fragmentation is a probelm with how CRAP the format is that blizzard uses.
you could even defrag HDD and that won’t help at all because the issue is that the data is fragmented INSIDE of compressed archives which means it’s not even necessarily fragmented in normal sense (remember macOS already takes great care in avoiding actually splitting files on disk. It’s just this doesn’t help with casc since all the files are WITHIN files on the disk).
on a fresh install all the files are cleaned up and reorganized sequentially. So tree 1 through 10 in elwynn forrest will all be in archive .001 (simplified example).
However, over time and over many patches the files as they get replaced don’t get replaced in their original location they are always added to the end of the highest numbered file, and then the indexes are rebuilt to tell the game “when loading into elwynn forrest tree 1 is in file 1, tree 2 is in file 47, tree 3 is in file 108, etc”. thus the defective fragmentation problem of CASC.
Reinstalling game completely, isn’t even required, you can retain all configs addons etc and instead of using “uninstall” and “install” just exit out wow and launcher, and when both are completely closed open up WoW folder and drag that entire DATA folder to trash and empty it. fire up launcher and hit update. Game will detect data is missing and regenerate a brand new one completely free of fragmentation.
Note that if you have classic, or ptr or other copies of games installed, deleting data folder deletes data for all games, so you need to hit update on each of them to restore the data.
In fact one of the key reasons for performance being worse than ever, is because as of 8.1.5 and later, all games share data so if you have 3 copies of wow you have fragmentation THREE TIMES AS FAST. Blizzard meant to improve things and save space with shared data, but not addressing underline crap performance of casc first, has exponentially worsened the perofrmance issues of casc over time. I’m literally reloading my data every 2-3 months now to keep game performing well, and that’s using an NVMe SSD, you HDD users might get frustrated enough to do it even more often if you have fast internet and no data caps.
Another note, AFPS is MUCH slower than HFS, for physical hard disk drives especially, yet apple forced all users on 10.14+ to use it anyways for security reasons. As such 10.14 (or 10.13 if you did a clean install) also slowed your disk performance a ton. An additional way to improve wow performance if you are tech savvy enough is to create an HFS+ partition within your system disk just for WoW to run off of. This improves performance a ton too. Heck even on an SSD this improves performance a bit. APFS and CASC do NOT get along at all because casc does everything possible wrong that’d impact performance on a APFS filesystem disk.